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Negation

Negation The negation


Negation is the negation of a statement. This is in the sentence is expressed in the negative (negated). There are various linguistic means for the negation of statements. These agents include words such as negation, no, no, no, never, no one

etc. There are different types of negation words: you can make one's own testimony, for example, in response to a question.

Want some ice cream? - No.

Other negation words in the sentence as a pronoun or as adverbs used:

I have not seen anyone.
I have never met him.

with negation words, a sentence be denied the board as a whole:

I have not seen him.

With the help of intonation, word order and sentence context, the negative part of the record are highlighted. In this case, the selected part to a corresponding part is compared with a positive statement:

I have not seen him (but I've seen someone else)

This kind of negation is called contrasting negation (a contrast generating negative).

The negative is described in the following aspects:

negation words What words is in the negative?
Contrasting denial are as highlighted phrases in denial?
word order Where are the negation of words in the sentence?
double negation What do two negatives in one sentence? Other means of expression are
What types of negation is negation in addition to the words?





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other means of expression

Negation: other means of expression

statements can be negated by a negation not only using words. The language also provides other means of expression, that a statement can be negated. For example:

conjunctions without that, instead of, nor
prepositions without, except, instead
prefixes and suffixes, un-, ill-,-los
unreal conditional and optative sentences if you had been right to deny
verbs with nay importance refuse


conjunctions

conjunctions like without, without, (to) take that, (on) rather than the exception that neither them nor guide implicitly a negated statement

He unwraps the gift, without saying thank you.
~ He unwraps the gift. + He thanked not.

your lying in bed, rather than you work.
~ is in your bed. + You work not.

The film is neither exciting nor interesting.
~ The movie is not exciting and not interesting.




prepositions prepositions can have a negative meaning. These are like prepositions (to) take, instead, except, without, regardless.

I drink my coffee without sugar.
~ I take no sugar in the coffee.

He came instead of his brother
~ His brother did not come, but he has come.

I have read all his books except the last.
~ I've read all his books, but I have not read his last


prefixes and suffixes

With certain prefixes and suffixes can be answered in the negative terms are formed. For example: * un-


This message is unpleasant.
= This message is not pleasant.

* miss-
His behavior we dislike.
= His behavior does not like us.
The prefix-added but often miss the importance of false, inadequate (misunderstand me wrong =).

* a-, des-, dis-, in-
The drawing style is atypical (= not typical) for a comic.
These youths come from a disharmonious (= not harmonious) family.
He introduced us to many indiscreet (= not discrete) questions. *

-los
your company was unsuccessful.
= your companies trying had no success.
He looks at her speechless.
~ He looked at her and not talking.


unreal conditional sentence in the subjunctive and counterfactual request Set

With the subjunctive indicates that a conditional sentence or a request set is unreal. In this sense, including the negative with the subjunctive a statement:

you you would like to attend if they had time.
-> They will not visit because you do not have time.

Would you look right, you had it for a long time found.
-> because you can not really looking for, you have not found it.

he were still here!
-> He is not here.


verbs with nay importance

Some verbs have a semantic element that denies the following clause, without the denial that there is expressed. These are verbs such as deny deny, prohibit prevent, refuse:

it denies to have committed the crime.
~ You said that they did not commit the crime.

He refuses to return the borrowed money. He will not return ~
the borrowed money.

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The word order of negation words

The word order of negation words

is the position of negation words in a sentence also depends on their function:

pronoun nobody no / no / no, nothing
Article word no
adverb (negative particle) is not, never, never, nowhere, nowhere, nowhere, nowhere, no way, no way, no way


pronoun

The Negationspronomen nobody, nobody / no / no and do not take the position of the subject or an object. So these both before they can stand in the middle:

No / no / can not help me.
I can no / no / not help.

I did not see anything.
I have not seen.


Article word

The negative item no word has the status of an item word, that it stands as an attendant at the beginning of a noun group:

I do not buy books.
I do not buy old books.
I have not seen some unknown people. See

noun group, word order.

If no contrasting negation, it is also before the noun group. Emphasis and a sentence to indicate that it is a contrasting negation is:

I do not buy new books (but CDs).
I do not buy new books (but antiquarian books).


adverb (negative particle)

The position of the words used as adverbial negation depends in part on whether they as a blanket, not contrasting negation or contrasting negation are used (see Contrasting negation): As a non

contrasting denial they have a tendency towards the end of the sentence are to:

I do not read this book.
I have not read this book.

See more presence as not contrasting negation

When contrasting negation they stand before the sentence, which they emphasize:

I do not read this book (but another).
I have never read this book (but another).

see no further role as contrasting negation

addition, not all used as adverbial negation words alone in the run are:

Never / he has never listened to me.
nowhere / anywhere we could talk undisturbed.
help is nowhere to be expected. Nowhere can you escape
.

NOT: Do not I read this book.

The negation word can not stand only together with another member of the sentence in the first place. It is then a contrasting negation:

Not this book I have read (but another).


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Weiwei

applies in modern standard German, the occurrence of two negatives in a sentence rather than strengthen the negation. The two negatives cancel each other: I never

no complaints.
=
I still have any complaints.
not = I have never had any complaints.

the keys I can never find anywhere else.
=
I can find the key somewhere.
not = I can never find the key somewhere.

No one has not accepted the invitation.
=
All have accepted the invitation.
= not Nobody accepted the invitation.
He did not warn you
for nothing.
= He has for you something (better: for good reason) warned.

is often a relative with the double negation related before combination. It consists of the negation word not a word with a negative meaning. Such combinations have the importance of a cautious affirmation: I do not

reluctantly.
= I do quite like.

He does not look bad.
= He looks pretty good.

you followed the call is not without interest. =
the conversation followed with some interest.

A special kind of double negation are combinations of one said no law and one with not denied, that before, before, or initiated by the subordinate clause. The clause is a condition rather than a set of clauses::

I pay nothing until I get a detailed statement.
= I pay when I receive a detailed statement.

See Time clauses, Negates with conditional meaning: before, before to.


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